INTRODUCTION STRUCTURE OF ECTOPROCTA Digestive system Excretion Nervous system LIFE HISTORY OF ECTOPROCTA Metamorphosis AFFINITIES OF ECTOPROCTA Affinities with entoprocta Formerly ectoproctas and entoproctas were… Read More »ECTOPROCTA – STRUCTURE LIFE HISTORY AND AFFINITIES
Introduction The aerial adaptations are concerned with the flight. The flight is a form of locomotion in the air under which the body has to… Read More »AERIAL ADAPTATIONS IN VERTEBRATES
INTRODUCTION Polychaeta, a diverse class of segmented marine worms, exhibit a wide range of feeding strategies. One of the most intriguing feeding modes found in… Read More »FILTER FEEDING IN POLYCHAETA
INTRODUCTION AMOEBOID MOVEMENT Amoebiod movement is shown by Amboeba by the formation of pseudopodia which is finger like projection. These are broad with a round… Read More »LOCOMOTION IN PROTOZOA
INTRODUCTION Coloration plays a crucial role in the lives of many animals, serving diverse purposes such as camouflage, communication, courtship, and warning signals. One remarkable… Read More »CHROMATOPHORES: STRUCTURE AND TYPES
NTRODUCTION Respiration is a fundamental process in living organisms, providing oxygen for energy production and removing carbon dioxide as a waste product. To facilitate efficient… Read More »RESPIRATORY PIGMENTS
Introduction An evolutionary trend can be either directional change within a single lineage or parallel change across lineages, in other words, several lineages undergoing the… Read More »TRENDS IN EVOLUTION
INTRODUCTION Different organism needs different things for their survival and reproduction. To obtain food and defense itself from predator they must move. Their are different… Read More »HYDROSTATIC MOVEMENT
INTRODUCTION Nervous system in Indian Earthworm In Indian Earthworm (Pheretima posthuma), the nervous system is advanced and developed. There are three part of nervous system… Read More »ADVANCED NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ANNELIDS
The Gnathostomata includes all vertebrates with upper and lower jaws. It comprises a wide range of animals, from fish to the various tetrapod classes, which… Read More »GENERAL ORGANISTION OF GNATHOSTOMATA